As a triangular-shaped aircraft descends through the atmosphere, the edges of its wings creates vortices, which eventually break down after the aircraft has passed. Frequently in the vortex breakdown, “bubbles” form, which have a very complex structure. A stream surface is used to visualize flow within a vortex-breakdown bubble. The surface is rendered with curvature-adaptive transparency and light silhouettes to allow good perception of the complicated recirculation inside the bubble.
